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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma in India.

Gouri Shankar Bhattacharyya1, K Govind Babu2, Hemant Malhotra3

  • 1Fortis Hospital, Anandapur, Kolkata, India. docgs@hotmail.com.

Chinese Clinical Oncology
|April 6, 2015
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Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common liver cancer, particularly in hepatitis B endemic regions like India. Comprehensive data analysis for HCC in India is lacking, hindering effective treatment strategies.

Keywords:
IndiaLiver cancercharacterisationepidemiologyhepatomamanagement

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the 5th most common cancer globally and is highly prevalent in hepatitis B and C endemic areas.
  • India, an endemic zone for hepatitis B, lacks comprehensive analyzed data on HCC incidence and characteristics.
  • HCC in India presents with bimodal incidence peaks (40-55 years and >60 years), often associated with liver cirrhosis and hepatitis B positivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for comprehensive data analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India.
  • To underscore the challenges in managing HCC due to late presentation and limited surgical options.
  • To emphasize the necessity of molecular sub-typing for better characterization and treatment of HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and epidemiological data on liver cancer and HCC.
  • Analysis of incidence patterns, risk factors (cirrhosis, hepatitis B), and demographic distribution in the Indian context.
  • Evaluation of current treatment modalities, including surgical limitations and palliative care approaches.

Main Results:

  • HCC incidence in India shows two peaks, affecting younger and older populations.
  • A significant majority (80%) of Indian HCC cases occur with underlying liver cirrhosis, and 60% are hepatitis B positive.
  • Late disease presentation limits surgical curability to only 5% of patients, necessitating palliative care.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent need for detailed, analyzed data on HCC in India to inform public health strategies.
  • Current management of HCC in India is largely palliative due to late diagnosis and limited surgical success.
  • Molecular sub-typing of HCC is essential for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the region.