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A computational model of insect discontinuous gas exchange: A two-sensor, control systems approach
Beverley J Grieshaber1, John S Terblanche1
1Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Journal of Theoretical Biology
|April 7, 2015
Summary
A new computational model simulates the insect discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC). This two-sensor feedback system accurately replicates physiological DGC patterns, supporting the emergent property hypothesis.
Area of Science:
- Insect physiology
- Respiratory systems biology
- Computational modeling
Background:
- Insects utilize a discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC) via spiracles and tracheae.
- The physiological benefits and evolutionary origins of DGC remain debated.
- A mechanistic physical model for DGC is currently lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a biologically realistic computational model of insect DGC.
- To investigate the control mechanisms underlying the DGC pattern.
- To test the emergent property hypothesis for DGC.
Main Methods:
- A two-sensor computational model (pH/CO2 and O2 setpoints) was developed for an Orthopteran gas exchange system.
- A finite-element mathematical approach was employed.
- Parameter sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Main Results:
- The model successfully generated a full DGC pattern with physiologically realistic outputs.
- Phase durations, CO2 partial pressure ranges, and pH fluctuations matched experimental data.
- Asymmetric hysteresis in a sensor feedback loop was identified as critical.
Conclusions:
- A two-interacting-feedback-loop control system can generate the DGC pattern.
- The model supports the emergent property hypothesis for DGC.
- Hysteresis in sensor feedback is a key aspect of insect gas exchange.
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