Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

851
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
851
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

360
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
360
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

3.3K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
3.3K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

391
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
391
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

896
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
896
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

908
The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...
908

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of economic sanctions on child health in Cuba.

BMJ paediatrics open·2026
Same author

Impact of hospital payment reform on rational use of antibiotics: a natural experiment.

Frontiers in public health·2025
Same author

Profiting from death: the arms trade.

BMJ paediatrics open·2025
Same author

Advertising and child health.

BMJ paediatrics open·2025
Same author

Patient-reported outcome measures for medication treatment satisfaction: a systematic review of measure development and measurement properties.

BMC medicine·2024
Same author

Global, regional and national availability of essential medicines for children, 2009-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC public health·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

18.0K

Inter-individual variation in morphine clearance in children.

Mohammed I Altamimi1, Imti Choonara2, Helen Sammons2

  • 1Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK. mzxma2@nottingham.ac.uk.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|April 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Morphine clearance in children shows significant inter-individual variation, especially in critically ill neonates and infants. This variability impacts drug dosing and patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.4K
Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

18.0K
Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.4K
Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Pediatric pharmacology
  • Drug metabolism

Background:

  • Morphine is a common analgesic in pediatric care.
  • Understanding morphine clearance is crucial for safe and effective dosing.
  • Significant variability in drug clearance can lead to suboptimal therapeutic effects or adverse events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify inter-individual variation in intravenous morphine clearance in children.
  • To identify factors contributing to this variability in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of pediatric morphine clearance studies.
  • Searched databases: Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, CINAHL, Cochrane library.
  • Extracted plasma clearance ranges and coefficients of variation (CV).

Main Results:

  • Twenty studies were included after quality assessment.
  • High inter-individual variability in morphine clearance was observed across all age groups.
  • Greatest variability noted in critically ill neonates and infants, with CVs ranging from 16% to 134% depending on age and condition.

Conclusions:

  • Significant inter-individual variation in morphine clearance exists in pediatric patients.
  • This variability is particularly pronounced in critically ill neonates and infants.
  • Further research may be needed to identify specific factors influencing this variability.