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Stroke in Bahrain: rising incidence, multiple risk factors, and suboptimal care

Mona Al Banna1, Hassan Baldawi2, Ali Kadhim2

  • 1School of Postgraduate Studies & Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|April 8, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Stroke incidence is rapidly increasing in Bahrain

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Stroke incidence in Bahrain has nearly doubled over 16 years, disproportionately affecting the Bahraini population.
  • The Bahraini stroke demographic is younger and presents with higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia compared to Western populations.
  • An aging population combined with prevalent risk factors indicates a significant future increase in stroke cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current trends and risk factors associated with stroke incidence in Bahrain.
  • To evaluate the quality of stroke care and risk factor management in Bahrain.
  • To identify areas for improvement in stroke prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of stroke incidence and patient demographics in Bahrain.
  • Comparison of Bahraini stroke patient data with Western cohorts.
  • Assessment of hospital-based stroke care practices, including diagnostic imaging, medication, and acute treatment protocols.

Main Results:

  • Stroke incidence in Bahraini nationals is significantly higher (110/100,000) than in non-Bahrainis (27/100,000).
  • Bahraini stroke patients are, on average, 10 years younger than their Western counterparts, with high comorbidity rates (Diabetes 54%, Hypertension 75%, Hyperlipidemia 34%).
  • While timely diagnostics (88% scanned within 24h) and aspirin administration (86% within 48h for non-hemorrhagic stroke) were common, no patients received thrombolysis or were admitted to a stroke unit.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent implementation of evidence-based strategies is crucial to mitigate the rising stroke burden in Bahrain.
  • Improving primary care for risk factor management and establishing stroke units with thrombolysis capabilities in secondary care are essential.
  • Targeted interventions addressing high-risk factors in the Bahraini population are needed to prevent a worsening 'ticking time bomb' scenario.

Keywords:
Bahrainauditepidemiologyincidencequality of carestroke

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