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Trichinellosis in Vietnam.

Nguyen Van De1, Vu Thi Nga1, Pierre Dorny1

  • 1Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam; Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam; National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Summary

Trichinellosis outbreaks in Vietnam affected ethnic minorities, causing severe illness and death due to consuming raw pork. This highlights Trichinella spiralis as an endemic threat in domestic pigs and humans in northern Vietnam.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Trichinellosis is a significant zoonotic parasitic disease with global impact.
  • Outbreaks disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of trichinellosis outbreaks in remote areas of Vietnam.
  • To identify the causative agent and transmission dynamics of these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of five trichinellosis outbreaks spanning 1970-2012.
  • Clinical data collection and laboratory confirmation of Trichinella spiralis infection.

Main Results:

  • 126 cases of trichinellosis were identified, with 8.7% hospitalized and 6.3% mortality.
  • Consumption of raw pork from domestic pigs or wild boar during social gatherings was the primary transmission route.
  • High larval burdens (70-879 larvae/g) were found in pigs, and the causative agent was confirmed as Trichinella spiralis.

Conclusions:

  • Northern Vietnam is identified as an endemic region for Trichinella infections in pigs and humans.
  • The high mortality and severe symptoms suggest significant larval ingestion.
  • Public health interventions are needed to control this zoonotic disease in the region.