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Fishing amplifies forage fish population collapses.

Timothy E Essington1, Pamela E Moriarty2, Halley E Froehlich2

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|April 8, 2015
PubMed
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Fishing significantly impacts forage fish populations, leading to more frequent and severe collapses than natural factors alone. Implementing risk-based management can protect these vital marine resources and their predators.

Keywords:
ecosystem-based managementfisheriesmarine conservationpopulation collapse

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Fisheries Science
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Forage fish are crucial to marine food webs, transferring energy from plankton to top predators.
  • Fishing impacts on forage fish are difficult to distinguish from natural environmental fluctuations.
  • Forage fish support major global fisheries and are vital for dependent predator populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific impact of fisheries on forage fish population dynamics.
  • To differentiate the effects of fishing from natural processes on forage fish stock fluctuations.
  • To inform sustainable fisheries management strategies for forage fish.

Main Methods:

  • Collated population time series data for major global forage fish stocks.
  • Analyzed population dynamics to identify common characteristics of collapses.
  • Compared observed collapse patterns with those expected from natural productivity shifts.

Main Results:

  • Forage fish collapses exhibit characteristics of high fishing pressure and lagged responses to reduced fishing.
  • The magnitude and frequency of collapses exceed those attributable to natural productivity changes alone.
  • Fishing pressure amplifies natural population fluctuations and increases collapse severity.

Conclusions:

  • Fisheries significantly contribute to the magnitude and frequency of forage fish population collapses.
  • A risk-based management approach, reducing fishing when stocks are low, is recommended.
  • Sustainable management can protect forage fish and dependent predators while minimizing impact on catches.