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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

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Turbulent reconnection and its implications.

A Lazarian1, G Eyink2, E Vishniac3

  • 1Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA lazarian@astro.wisc.edu.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|April 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Turbulent magnetic reconnection, crucial in astrophysics, challenges flux freezing and drives phenomena like star formation and solar flares. This process is essential for understanding particle acceleration in magnetized plasmas.

Keywords:
cosmic raysmagnetohydrodynamicreconnectionsolar flaresstar formationturbulence

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

  • Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in magnetized plasmas, involving topological changes of magnetic fields.
  • Astrophysical environments typically exhibit high Reynolds numbers, leading to turbulence that significantly impacts magnetic reconnection.
  • Pre-existing or reconnection-driven turbulence necessitates its inclusion in reconnection theories for astrophysical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how turbulence modifies magnetic reconnection, focusing on the Lazarian & Vishniac model.
  • To present numerical evidence supporting the turbulent reconnection model and its connection to Richardson dispersion and Lagrangian fluid dynamics.
  • To investigate the implications of turbulent reconnection on fundamental plasma physics concepts and astrophysical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of reconnecting magnetic fields.
  • Investigation of the Lazarian & Vishniac reconnection model in turbulent regimes.
  • Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data from solar wind and heliospheric current sheet observations.

Main Results:

  • Turbulence subdues microphysical plasma effects in reconnection for realistic turbulent media, as predicted by the generalized Ohm's law.
  • Turbulent reconnection violates the magnetic flux freezing concept, enabling processes like reconnection diffusion essential for star formation.
  • Turbulent reconnection predicts phenomena such as flares, consistent with solar flares and gamma-ray bursts, and explains first-order Fermi acceleration of particles.

Conclusions:

  • Turbulent reconnection is a more accurate paradigm than tearing reconnection at high Reynolds numbers in astrophysical settings.
  • The violation of magnetic flux freezing by turbulence has profound implications for plasma physics and astrophysics.
  • Turbulent reconnection provides a unified framework for understanding diverse phenomena from star formation to particle acceleration in solar flares and beyond.