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Related Experiment Videos

Mechanisms of attention: a developmental study.

S P Tipper1, T A Bourque, S H Anderson

  • 1Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Children can process irrelevant stimuli automatically by Grade 2, but inhibitory attention mechanisms develop later. This may explain why young children are more distractible, especially in unfamiliar tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Selective attention allows individuals to process relevant information while ignoring distractions.
  • Understanding the developmental trajectory of attention mechanisms is crucial for educational and clinical applications.
  • Previous models suggest automatic processing of irrelevant stimuli and inhibitory control are key components of attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model of selective attention incorporating automatic processing of irrelevant stimuli and two selection mechanisms: habituation and inhibition.
  • To investigate the developmental emergence of these attentional mechanisms in children.
  • To explore the relationship between attentional development and distractibility.

Main Methods:

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  • A model of selective attention was proposed.
  • A series of studies were conducted to assess children's ability to process irrelevant stimuli and their use of habituation and inhibition.
  • Developmental observations were made, focusing on Grade 2 children.

    • Main Results:

    • Children by Grade 2 can automatically process irrelevant stimuli, leading to interference effects.
    • Habituation to irrelevant stimuli is also observable by Grade 2.
    • The inhibitory mechanism of attention is not consistently evident in Grade 2 children.

    Conclusions:

    • The underutilization of inhibitory mechanisms may contribute to distractibility in children.
    • Children might be more capable of employing inhibitory attention in familiar perceptual-motor tasks.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the development and application of inhibitory attention.