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Rapid decrease in salivary epidermal growth factor levels in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: A 3-year follow-up

Naoto Azuma1, Yoshinori Katada2, Sachie Kitano1

  • 1a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Japan.

Modern Rheumatology
|April 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels rapidly decrease in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients over three years, worsening oral health and quality of life. This decline in salivary EGF is linked to increased intraoral issues in SS patients.

Keywords:
Epidermal growth factorIntraoral manifestationOral mucosal involvementSalivaSjögren's syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands, leading to dry mouth and other oral complications.
  • Salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a crucial role in maintaining oral mucosal health and repair.
  • Changes in salivary EGF levels and their impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in SS patients over time are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate longitudinal changes in salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) over a three-year period.
  • To investigate the correlation between alterations in salivary EGF concentration and the progression of intraoral manifestations in SS.
  • To compare salivary EGF levels and oral health status between SS patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A three-year longitudinal study involving 23 SS patients (14 primary, 9 secondary) and 14 controls.
  • Salivary EGF concentration was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Intraoral manifestations and OHRQoL were assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • SS patients exhibited a significant increase in OHIP-14 scores and a significant decrease in total salivary EGF output after three years (p=0.040 and p=0.032, respectively).
  • Salivary flow rate remained unchanged in the SS group.
  • A significant negative correlation was observed between the change in total salivary EGF output and the OHIP-14 score in patients with poor OHRQoL (r = -0.847, p = 0.008).

Conclusions:

  • A rapid decline in salivary EGF levels is a key factor contributing to the worsening of intraoral manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Reduced salivary EGF is associated with diminished oral health-related quality of life in SS patients.
  • Monitoring salivary EGF may offer insights into disease progression and therapeutic strategies for SS.