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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

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[MicroRNA and cancer].

F L Kiselev

    Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
    |April 9, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs crucial in human tumor development. Understanding their dual role as oncogenes and tumor suppressors aids in early cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Oncology

    Context:

    • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression.
    • Aberrant miRNA expression is a hallmark of many human cancers.
    • These molecules play complex roles in tumorigenesis.

    Purpose:

    • To review the multifaceted roles of microRNAs in human tumor progression.
    • To explore miRNA expression patterns and their specificity in various cancers.
    • To discuss the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

    Summary:

    • MicroRNAs function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors, influencing tumor growth and development.
    • They are involved in inducing transformed phenotypes in tumor cells.
    • Specific miRNA expression profiles are observed in human tumors, offering diagnostic potential.

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    Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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    Impact:

    • This review highlights the critical involvement of microRNAs in cancer.
    • Understanding miRNA functions can lead to novel strategies for early cancer detection.
    • miRNAs hold promise for improving cancer prognosis and therapeutic approaches.