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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

704
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

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Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Antiphospholipid syndrome: an update.

Mira Merashli1, Mohammad Hassan A Noureldine2, Imad Uthman3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.

European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) involves thrombosis and pregnancy issues. Recent research highlights the PI3K-AKT-mTORC pathway in APS pathogenesis and introduces the Global APS Score for better thrombosis risk assessment.

Keywords:
Antiphospholipid antibodiesantiphospholipid syndromemanagementpathogenesisrisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes syndrome, is a prothrombotic autoimmune disorder.
  • Characterized by recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
  • Despite decades of research, the complex pathogenesis and optimal management of APS remain areas of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in the pathogenesis, thrombosis risk assessment, and treatment strategies for Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on emerging therapeutic targets and risk stratification tools for APS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed databases.
  • Focused on recent developments in APS pathogenesis, thrombosis risk assessment, and treatment.
  • Review of novel molecular pathways and clinical scoring systems.

Main Results:

  • The PI3K-AKT-mTORC pathway is identified as a key player in APS-related endothelial inflammation and vascular lesions.
  • The Global APS Score (GAPSS), incorporating cardiovascular risk factors and novel autoantibodies, shows promise for thrombosis risk prediction.
  • While anticoagulation is standard, numerous novel therapeutic agents are under investigation for APS treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Recent breakthroughs in understanding APS pathogenesis, risk stratification, and treatment offer a foundation for future research.
  • These advances aim to optimize the clinical management and improve outcomes for patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome.