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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

133
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

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Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Engineered microstructure granules for tailored drug release rate.

Min-Ho Hong1, Heon-Jin Choi1, Yeong-Mu Ko2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|April 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces hollow hydroxyapatite (HAp) granules with drug carriers for bone repair. These biomaterials effectively deliver dexamethasone, promoting cell growth and bone formation for complex fractures.

Keywords:
EDC/NHS chemistrybone tissue engineeringcontrolled drug releasedexamethasonehydroxyapatitemicrostructure

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Controlled drug delivery systems are crucial for effective bone regeneration.
  • Hydroxyapatite (HAp) biomaterials offer a promising scaffold for bone defect repair.
  • Osteoinduction, the process of inducing bone formation, is key for successful bone healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate hollow HAp granules functionalized with drug carriers for controlled dexamethasone release.
  • To investigate the impact of these biomaterials on preosteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
  • To assess the suitability of the developed biomaterial for complex bone fracture repair.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of hollow HAp granules with interconnected pores.
  • Preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) drug carriers loaded with dexamethasone.
  • Modification of drug carriers with polyethyleneimine and conjugation to HAp granules.
  • In vitro assessment of drug release kinetics and cellular response (proliferation and differentiation).

Main Results:

  • Hollow HAp granules successfully housed drug carriers internally and externally, enabling controlled dexamethasone release.
  • The biomaterial demonstrated sustained drug release for up to two weeks, promoting cell proliferation.
  • Significant induction of early-stage osteogenic differentiation was observed in preosteoblasts cultured with the biomaterial.
  • Drug release from both inner and outer surfaces showed comparable efficacy to outer surface release alone.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hollow HAp granules with dexamethasone-loaded drug carriers are effective for promoting bone regeneration.
  • This biomaterial shows potential for treating complex bone fractures that are difficult to heal.
  • The controlled release of dexamethasone from the HAp scaffold enhances osteogenic differentiation, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.