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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Limbic pathway lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Neslin Sahin1, Roger Selouan2, Clyde E Markowitz3

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Radiology, Sifa University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey neslinshn@gmail.com.

Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|April 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions frequently affect limbic system white matter tracts, potentially explaining cognitive and emotional issues. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) aids in precise lesion localization within these critical pathways.

Keywords:
Cingulumdiffusion tensor imagingfornixmammilothalamic tractmultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease known to cause cognitive dysfunction.
  • The limbic system, crucial for memory, is often overlooked in conventional MRI.
  • Conventional MRI may not adequately visualize limbic system white matter lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and frequency of demyelinating lesions in MS patients.
  • To assess white matter connections of the limbic system using DTI-derived FA color maps.
  • To compare DTI findings with T2W and FLAIR MRI in MS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 150 MS patients.
  • DTI-derived FA color maps co-registered with T2W and FLAIR images were analyzed.
  • Lesions in cingulum, fornix, and mammillothalamic tracts were identified and confirmed by two investigators.

Main Results:

  • 21.3% of MS patients had lesions in at least one of the three studied limbic tracts.
  • Cingulum lesions were observed in 14.6% of patients.
  • Fornix and mammillothalamic tracts each showed lesions in 2.6% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • A significant frequency of limbic tract lesions in MS patients may underlie memory and emotional dysfunction.
  • DTI-derived FA color maps enhance the localization of lesions in MS.
  • Combined MRI sequences (T2W, FLAIR, DTI-FA) improve the accuracy of lesion detection in MS limbic pathways.