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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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[Management of systemic lupus erythematosus-Including secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, fertility and pregnancy : S3 guidelines of the German Society for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and the German Society for Neurology (DGN), German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM), German Cardiac Society (DGK), Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research (GTH), German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO), German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (GKJR), German Society for Nephrology (DGfN), German Society for Pneumology and Ventilation Medicine (DGP), German Rheumatism League National Association, Lupus Erythematosus Self-help Community, German Dermatological Society (DDG). Version: 1.2].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

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[Antiphospholipid syndrome].

C Specker1

  • 1Klinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, St. Josef Krankenhaus Essen-Werden, Propsteistr. 2, 45239, Essen, Deutschland, specker@rheumanet.org.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|April 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) involves blood clots and pregnancy loss due to antiphospholipid antibodies. Diagnosis and treatment, including anticoagulation, present significant challenges for patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Hematology

Context:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder.
  • Characterized by recurrent thromboembolism and pregnancy loss.
  • Associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.

Purpose:

  • To review the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and therapy of APS.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and current therapeutic recommendations.

Summary:

  • APS involves vaso-occlusive events, not vasculitis, leading to diverse clinical symptoms.
  • Diagnosis requires careful consideration of antibody levels and clinical presentation.
  • Current therapies include antiplatelet agents, heparin, and vitamin K antagonists; immunosuppression is ineffective.

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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

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Impact:

  • Improved understanding of APS pathogenesis and clinical variability.
  • Highlights the complexities in diagnosing and managing APS.
  • Provides an overview of current therapeutic strategies and their limitations.