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Exercise proteinuria and hematuria: current knowledge and future directions
1Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada - royjshep@shaw.ca.
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
|April 10, 2015
Summary
Intensive physical activity can cause temporary proteinuria and hematuria in healthy individuals and those with kidney issues. While generally benign, further research is needed to understand causes and prevent potential chronic renal damage.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Transient proteinuria and hematuria are common after intense exercise.
- Underlying causes and progression to chronic kidney damage require further investigation.
- Effects of training on individuals with and without microalbuminuria need clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on exercise-induced proteinuria and hematuria.
- To identify factors influencing their occurrence and potential progression.
- To assess the impact of training on these conditions.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Ovid/Health Star (1994-2014).
- Keywords included kidney-related terms and physical activity descriptors.
- 519 abstracts were reviewed, supplemented by 70 additional sources.
Main Results:
- Exercise-induced proteinuria prevalence ranged from 18-100% and lasted 1-6 days.
- Risk factors included exercise intensity, posture, age, heat, altitude, and disease.
- Moderate training reduced exercise proteinuria in healthy and renal disease patients.
- Exercise hematuria causes may involve foot-strike and bladder trauma.
- Progression to permanent renal damage is rare.
Conclusions:
- Exercise-induced proteinuria and hematuria are typically transient.
- Further research is necessary to fully understand causation and risk factors for permanent renal damage.
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