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Divalent Copper as a Major Triggering Agent in Alzheimer's Disease
Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|April 10, 2015
Summary
The Alzheimer's disease (AD) epidemic may be caused by ingesting inorganic copper (copper-2) from sources like copper plumbing and supplements. Reducing copper-2 intake could help prevent this neurodegenerative disease.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
Background:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence has surged in developed nations, suggesting environmental factors.
- Copper plumbing and supplements have become more common, coinciding with the rise in AD cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence linking inorganic copper ingestion to the Alzheimer's disease epidemic.
- To explore the role of divalent copper (copper-2) toxicity in AD pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data and biochemical studies on copper metabolism.
- Analysis of copper absorption pathways (Ctr1) and toxicity mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Divalent copper (copper-2) is poorly absorbed by Ctr1, bypasses liver detoxification, and can reach the brain.
- Copper-2 may contribute to amyloid-β aggregation or exacerbate its toxicity, and potentially cause oxidant injury.
Conclusions:
- Alzheimer's disease can be viewed as a copper-2 toxicity disease.
- Avoiding inorganic copper-2 ingestion may be a strategy to mitigate the AD epidemic.
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