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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Thyroid dysfunction, thyroid hormone replacement and colorectal cancer risk.

Ben Boursi1, Kevin Haynes1, Ronac Mamtani1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology (BB, YXY), Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (BB, KH, RM, YXY), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (BB, KH, RM, YXY), Division of Hematology/Oncology (RM), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel (BB).

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|April 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term thyroid hormone replacement (THR) therapy is linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, hyperthyroidism and untreated hypothyroidism are associated with a modestly increased CRC risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Current colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines do not incorporate thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor.
  • The relationship between thyroid dysfunction and CRC development requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of developing CRC in patients with thyroid dysfunction.
  • To evaluate the impact of thyroid hormone replacement (THR) on CRC risk.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study utilized a UK population-based medical records database.
  • CRC patients (cases) were compared with matched controls, excluding familial syndromes or inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Exposure was defined as THR therapy, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism prior to the index date.

Main Results:

  • Long-term THR (5-10 years and >10 years) showed a protective association with CRC (ORs 0.88 and 0.68, respectively).
  • The protective effect of THR increased with cumulative therapy duration.
  • Hyperthyroidism (OR 1.21) and untreated hypothyroidism (OR 1.16) were associated with a modestly elevated CRC risk.

Conclusions:

  • Sustained thyroid hormone replacement therapy demonstrates a decreased risk of colorectal cancer.
  • Hyperthyroidism and untreated hypothyroidism are linked to a moderately increased risk of CRC.