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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Craniotomy Procedure for Visualizing Neuronal Activities in Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

Craniotomy Procedure for Visualizing Neuronal Activities in Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

Published on: July 24, 2021

Cellular level brain imaging in behaving mammals: an engineering approach.

Elizabeth J O Hamel¹, Benjamin F Grewe¹, Jones G Parker²

¹CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

|April 10, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fluorescence imaging advances neural recording in mammals by enabling detailed monitoring of cell activity and connectivity. Systems engineering approaches integrating indicators, optics, and computation are key for future progress in neuroscience.

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Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Craniotomy Procedure for Visualizing Neuronal Activities in Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

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Published on: July 24, 2021

Author Spotlight: Comparative Imaging of Neural Activity in Awake and Freely Moving States

Author Spotlight: Comparative Imaging of Neural Activity in Awake and Freely Moving States

Published on: January 19, 2024

Flat-floored Air-lifted Platform: A New Method for Combining Behavior with Microscopy or Electrophysiology on Awake Freely Moving Rodents

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Published on: June 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Optical Imaging

Background:

Fluorescence imaging provides unprecedented capabilities for observing neural dynamics in behaving mammals.
It allows monitoring of hundreds of genetically defined or connected cells, tracking over time, and detailed visualization of neuronal structures like dendrites and axons.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements and future directions in fluorescence imaging for neural dynamics in behaving mammals.
To adopt a systems engineering perspective for holistic consideration of imaging components.

Main Methods:

Discussion of genetically encoded indicators for neural calcium (Ca2+) and trans-membrane voltage dynamics.
Comparison of conventional microscopy for head-restrained animals and miniature microscopes for freely behaving animals.

Main Results:

Genetically encoded indicators for neural Ca2+ dynamics are widely adopted, with voltage indicators rapidly improving.
Two main imaging paradigms exist: conventional microscopy and head-mounted miniature microscopes.

Conclusions:

The field of neural imaging in behaving mammals has reached a high level of sophistication.
Enhanced cooperation among developers of indicators, instrumentation, and computational analyses is crucial for future progress.