Hepatorenal syndrome: a decade later

Hepatorenal syndrome is a unique form of acute kidney injury seen in patients with acute liver failure or chronic liver disease in absence of any other identifiable cause of renal failure. It is primarily a diagnosis of exclusion. Despite of good pathophysiological understanding and better available therapeutic options for management of hepatorenal syndrome, it is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Liver transplantation forms the cornerstone for its management. In this review article, we have attempted to assimilate and summarise the advances made in the previous decade with regards to pathophysiology, classification and management of this entity.