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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
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Hypermobility syndrome.

K Krishna, A G Diwan, Navtej Singh

    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
    |April 11, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hypermobility Syndrome (HS) affects individuals with joint hypermobility and musculoskeletal pain. Increased physician awareness is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

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    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Orthopedics
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Hypermobility Syndrome (HS) is characterized by excessive joint flexibility.
    • Patients often present with musculoskeletal pain and symptoms mimicking other rheumatic diseases.
    • Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and steroids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss three clinical cases of Hypermobility Syndrome.
    • To highlight the clinical features, prevalence, and management of HS.
    • To emphasize the need for increased physician awareness to avoid misdiagnosis.

    Main Methods:

    • Case study analysis of three patients with Hypermobility Syndrome.
    • Review of clinical presentation, including musculoskeletal symptoms and joint deformities.
    • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and differential diagnoses, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

    Main Results:

    • Three distinct cases illustrate the varied presentation of HS across different demographics.
    • Patients exhibited joint hypermobility without evidence of systemic rheumatic disease.
    • One case presented with osteoarthritis (OA) and hand deformities mimicking RA.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypermobility Syndrome requires greater recognition among healthcare professionals.
    • Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent incorrect treatment regimens, including DMARDs and steroids.
    • Early and correct diagnosis improves patient outcomes and avoids unnecessary medical interventions.