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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

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Viruses and the autophagy pathway.

William T Jackson1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States.

Virology
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular process, plays a dual role in viral infections, acting as both an antiviral and proviral mechanism. Its specific function depends on the virus and host cell, impacting cellular homeostasis and immune responses.

Keywords:
AWOLAmphisomeAutophagyBeclin 1EndosomeIFNSNAREVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process essential for maintaining homeostasis.
  • It plays critical roles in development, stress response, and immunity.
  • Recent research has highlighted its complex involvement in viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of the relationship between autophagy and animal viruses.
  • To introduce the field of autophagy and viral interactions for non-experts.
  • To organize current knowledge around key themes in this dynamic research area.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Thematic organization of findings related to autophagy and viruses.
  • Focus on general principles rather than an exhaustive list of viruses.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy acts as both an anti-viral and pro-viral pathway.
  • The outcome of autophagy's interaction with viruses is context-dependent.
  • Its role varies based on the specific virus, cell type, and cellular environment.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between autophagy and viruses is multifaceted and highly specific.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for comprehending viral pathogenesis and host defense.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate mechanisms involved.