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Tree height-diameter allometry across the United States.

Catherine M Hulshof1, Nathan G Swenson2, Michael D Weiser3

  • 1Departamento de Biología, Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Universidad de Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 00681.

Ecology and Evolution
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tree allometry, the relationship between height and diameter, varies significantly across the U.S. due to climate, impacting ecosystem structure and carbon storage estimates.

Keywords:
AllometryForest Inventory and Analysis National Programangiospermgymnospermscaling

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Forest Science
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Tree allometry (height-diameter relationship) is crucial for ecosystem structure, biomass, and carbon storage estimates.
  • Understanding how climate influences tree allometry and organismal function is limited.
  • Tree allometry provides insights into life-history strategies and environmental limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine height-diameter allometries for 293 tree species across the United States.
  • To investigate how climate, floristic group, and functional traits influence tree allometry.
  • To assess the plasticity of tree allometry in response to environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program database (2,976,937 individuals).
  • Compared linear and nonlinear functional forms to define allometric relationships.
  • Employed mixed-effects models to test for differences attributed to climate and species groups.

Main Results:

  • Tree allometry significantly varied across the U.S., primarily driven by climate (temperature and precipitation).
  • Angiosperm allometry was more sensitive to temperature variability than gymnosperms.
  • Gymnosperm height was negatively influenced by decreased precipitation and increased altitude; shade tolerance had minimal impact except for highly intolerant species.

Conclusions:

  • Tree allometry is plastic, not fixed, with parameters varying based on environmental conditions.
  • Climate, particularly temperature and precipitation, significantly shapes tree allometric relationships.
  • Phylogenetic history and environmental factors interact to influence tree allometry at broad scales.