Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.5K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.5K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

9.2K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.2K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

1.4K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.4K
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

10.7K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
10.7K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

6.4K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Guselkumab for checkpoint inhibitor-exacerbated psoriasis in a patient with metastatic melanoma.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2026
Same author

Whole genome sequencing of pre-treatment and post-treatment locally advanced rectal cancer using long and short read technologies.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis and outcomes after re-exposure.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Experiences of paramedic postgraduate interns in the National Ambulance Service, Republic of Ireland: a quantitative survey.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Deep-Learning Serial CT Prediction of Survival in Immunotherapy-Treated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Anti-PD-(L)1 Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Asian vs Non-Asian Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Gastro hep advances·2026
Same journal

Interaction between Regulated Cell Death Pathways and Core Cellular Processes: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicity of Antitumor Drugs.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same journal

Advances in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Up-to-date Strategies of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Therapeutic Vaccines.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same journal

Recent Advances in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same journal

The Immunological Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Immunotherapy of Unresectable and Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same journal

Oncofertility in the Age of HER2 Blockade, Immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors and Endocrine Treatment: Unanswered Questions in Breast Cancer.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same journal

Emerging Applications of CAR-T Cell Therapy in Overcoming Resistance and Expanding Targets in Hematologic Malignancies: Insights from Recent Research.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.9K

Immunotherapy in upper GI malignancies.

Adrian Murphy1, Ronan J Kelly

  • 1Upper Aerodigestive Malignancies Division, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the tumor cell, microenvironment, and immune response is key for gastroesophageal cancer immunotherapeutics. Checkpoint inhibitors show promise, with PD-L1 expression varying and clinical trials ongoing for advanced disease.

More Related Videos

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
07:29

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

Published on: April 22, 2019

12.5K
Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
07:55

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: January 17, 2025

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

21.9K
Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
07:29

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

Published on: April 22, 2019

12.5K
Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
07:55

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: January 17, 2025

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastroesophageal cancers involve complex interactions between tumor cells, the tissue microenvironment, and the immune system.
  • While epithelial stem cells were historically considered the origin, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) are now implicated in malignancy.
  • Chronic inflammation, exemplified by Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer, is linked to cancer development and involves altered cell signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the intricate interplay of tumor cells, microenvironment, and immune response in gastroesophageal cancer.
  • To review immunotherapeutic strategies evaluated for gastroesophageal cancer over the past two decades.
  • To highlight the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating these cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data on immunotherapeutics for gastroesophageal cancer.
  • Analysis of preliminary data on programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in gastroesophageal cancer.
  • Discussion of ongoing Phase II and Phase III clinical trials for checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in gastroesophageal cancer ranges from approximately 18% to 42%.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, represent a promising immunotherapeutic approach.
  • Clinical trials involving single-agent or combination checkpoint inhibition are actively enrolling patients.

Conclusions:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are poised to become a new standard of care for advanced gastroesophageal cancer.
  • Further research into the tumor-immune microenvironment is crucial for optimizing immunotherapeutic efficacy.
  • The immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of upper gastrointestinal tumors.