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Related Concept Videos

Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.7K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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PZT-like structural phase transitions in the BiFeO3-KNbO3 solid solution.

Robert C Lennox1, Daniel D Taylor, Laura J Vera Stimpson

  • 1School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, UK. d.c.arnold@kent.ac.uk.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study explores the structural phase transitions in bismuth ferrite-potassium niobate (BiFeO3-KNbO3) solid solutions. It reveals a sequence of transitions, R3c to P4mm to Amm2, offering new insights into perovskite materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and potassium niobate (KNbO3) are prominent perovskite materials with distinct ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties.
  • The solid solution system between BiFeO3 and KNbO3 has been underexplored despite its potential for novel material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural phase transitions in the BiFeO3-KNbO3 solid solution.
  • To characterize the crystallographic evolution across different compositions and temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron powder diffraction
  • Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction
  • Raman spectroscopy

Main Results:

  • A series of structural phase transitions were identified: R3c → P4mm → Amm2.
  • The observed transition sequence is analogous to that found in the well-studied PbZrO3-PbTiO3 system.
  • Detailed structural data and spectroscopic evidence support the proposed phase diagram.

Conclusions:

  • The BiFeO3-KNbO3 solid solution exhibits a complex structural phase behavior.
  • This system offers a new platform for exploring ferroelectric and multiferroic properties in perovskites.