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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

5.2K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

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The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
83.7K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

19.1K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
19.1K
Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

9.8K
DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
9.8K
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

6.9K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
6.9K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

10.5K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
10.5K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors
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A Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors

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Discovery of a Small-Molecule Probe for V-ATPase Function.

Leslie N Aldrich1,2, Szu-Yu Kuo2,3, Adam B Castoreno2

  • 1†Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new small molecule that alters lysosomal acidification. This finding advances understanding of lysosome function and its role in cellular homeostasis and disease.

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Measuring In Vitro ATPase Activity for Enzymatic Characterization
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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
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F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lysosomes are crucial cellular organelles responsible for degrading various molecules and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Lysosomal dysfunction is linked to numerous human diseases, highlighting the need for further research into their functions.
  • Small molecules are valuable tools for probing lysosome biology and cellular physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover novel small-molecule modulators of lysosomal acidification.
  • To investigate the role of lysosomal acidification in cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diversity-oriented synthesis to generate a library of complex small molecules.
  • Employed high-content screening to identify compounds affecting lysosomal acidification.
  • Characterized the identified small-molecule modulator.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a novel small molecule that modulates lysosomal acidification.
  • The compound was identified through a high-content screening approach.
  • This discovery provides a new chemical tool for studying lysosomal function.

Conclusions:

  • The novel small molecule represents a significant advancement in the study of lysosomal acidification.
  • This finding opens new avenues for investigating the lysosome's role in cellular homeostasis and disease.
  • Further research using this modulator will enhance our understanding of lysosomal biology.