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Related Concept Videos

Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
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Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

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Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
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Models for primary eye care services in India.

Vasundhra Misra1, Praveen Vashist1, Sumit Malhotra1

  • 1Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Community Medicine : Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Addressing India

Keywords:
Primary eye caretele-ophthalmologyvision center

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Ophthalmology
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Blindness and visual impairment pose a significant public health challenge in India.
  • Accessible primary eye care is crucial for preventing avoidable blindness.
  • The 'Vision 2020: The Right to Sight - India' initiative aimed to establish vision centers nationwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various primary eye care service delivery models in India.
  • To identify strengths and weaknesses of existing models.
  • To provide insights for selecting appropriate primary eye care strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing primary eye care models in India.
  • Analysis of government, NGO, and private sector initiatives.
  • Evaluation of integrated healthcare systems, tele-ophthalmology, and mobile clinics.

Main Results:

  • An integrated healthcare system promoted by the government is identified as a cost-effective and practical solution.
  • Tele-ophthalmology and mobile clinics show positive outcomes in extending primary eye care.
  • Various models have distinct strengths and weaknesses impacting their effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • An integrated healthcare approach is recommended for blindness prevention and control, especially for underprivileged populations.
  • Diverse models, including technology-driven ones, contribute to improving primary eye care access.
  • Informed selection of models is essential for effective eye care service delivery.