Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.5K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.5K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

716
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
716
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

157
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
157
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

804
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
804
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

207
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
207
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

3.4K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Familial glucocorticoid deficiency due to a novel <i>TXNRD2</i> variant: expanding the spectrum of a rare genetic cause.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Whose Voice is it Anyway? <i>Artificial Intelligence and the New Crisis of Authenticity in Medical Education</i>.

Perspectives on medical education·2026
Same author

Expanding the Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type I Carrier Phenotype and Adult Treatment with Burosumab.

Calcified tissue international·2026
Same author

Sky-High Thyroglobulin Level Following Thyroid Lobectomy Without Evidence of Metastatic Disease.

AACE endocrinology and diabetes·2026
Same author

Systematic review of oral carbohydrate treatment for hypoglycemia in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BMC endocrine disorders·2026
Same author

Triage to Advice Only for Referring Providers: A Pilot Project Using Formal Consensus Methods to Establish Appropriate Patients for Electronic Consultations.

AACE endocrinology and diabetes·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

15.2K

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy associated hypophysitis.

Moeber Mahzari1, Dora Liu1, Amel Arnaout1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Endocrinology and Diabetes
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IH) is a common side effect of cancer therapy, often requiring long-term glucocorticoid replacement. Men are more susceptible, and full pituitary-adrenal axis recovery is rare.

Keywords:
CTLA4hypoadrenalismhypophysitisipilimumab

More Related Videos

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

12.0K
An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
10:52

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

15.2K
Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice
10:38

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

12.0K
An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Ipilimumab, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, is a crucial immunotherapy for various cancers.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent, with hypophysitis leading to hypopituitarism being a significant concern.
  • Understanding ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (IH) is vital for managing cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical features of six patients with IH.
  • To summarize IH incidence by gender and adrenal axis recovery likelihood from clinical trials.
  • To inform endocrinologists about the anticipated increase in IH cases and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of six patients with IH.
  • Literature review and summary of IH data from published clinical trials.
  • Analysis of gender-specific incidence and pituitary-adrenal axis recovery rates.

Main Results:

  • Most patients with IH required ongoing glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
  • Clinical trial data suggest men are more likely to develop IH than women.
  • Full recovery of pituitary-adrenal axis function after IH is uncommon.

Conclusions:

  • Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis necessitates vigilant endocrine monitoring and management.
  • Endocrinologists must prepare for a rise in IH cases due to expanding ipilimumab use.
  • Early detection and long-term management strategies are crucial for patients with IH.