Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Dual Immunofluorescence of γH2AX and 53BP1 in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
05:34

Dual Immunofluorescence of γH2AX and 53BP1 in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.6K

Abnormal Expression of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Related Genes, ATM and GammaH2AX, in Thyroid Carcinoma

Jin-Lin Hu1, Si-Si Hu2, Xiu-Xiu Hou3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China.

International Journal of Endocrinology
|April 11, 2015
PubMed

Insights

ATM and γH2AX, key DNA damage response proteins, are elevated in thyroid cancer. Their expression correlates with thyroid hormone levels and cancer progression, suggesting a role in thyroid cancer development.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated) and γH2AX are critical in detecting DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and initiating the DNA damage response (DDR).
  • Understanding their role in thyroid cancer pathogenesis is crucial for potential diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression levels of ATM and γH2AX in various thyroid cancer types and benign thyroid tissues.
  • To explore the association between ATM and γH2AX expression and clinicopathological features, including thyroid function tests.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect ATM and γH2AX expression in 30 benign nodular goiters, 110 well-differentiated thyroid cancers, 22 poorly differentiated thyroid cancers, and 21 anaplastic thyroid cancers.
  • Clinicopathological data and thyroid function test results (TPOAb, Tg Ab, T3, FT3, T4, FT4, TSH, Tg) were analyzed for correlations with ATM and γH2AX expression.

Main Results:

  • ATM and γH2AX expression were significantly higher in thyroid cancer tissues compared to benign nodular goiter and normal adjacent tissues.
  • γH2AX expression was positively correlated with ATM expression in thyroid cancer.
  • Both ATM and γH2AX expression levels showed associations with specific thyroid function tests, notably FT3, FT4, and TSH. γH2AX also correlated with T classification, TNM stage, and differentiation status.

Conclusions:

  • ATM and γH2AX are upregulated in thyroid cancer, indicating their involvement in DNA damage and response pathways within these tumors.
  • The correlation of ATM and γH2AX with thyroid hormones (FT3, FT4, TSH) suggests a potential interplay between thyroid function and DNA damage mechanisms in thyroid cancer.
  • γH2AX expression is linked to the differentiation status of thyroid cancer, highlighting its potential role in tumor progression and aggressiveness.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of γH2AX following Ionizing Radiation09:28

Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of γH2AX following Ionizing Radiation

Published on: August 7, 2010

13.3K
Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation06:53

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Published on: April 6, 2010

21.2K

Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
10.4K
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
3.4K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
46.0K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.4K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
16.4K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
5.9K