Psychosocial interventions for adults with visible differences: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Social Science
• Medical Social Science

Background:

• Individuals with visible differences often face psychosocial adjustment issues, including social anxiety and isolation.
• Psychosocial interventions aim to mitigate social anxiety and appearance-related distress in this population.
• Previous reviews have synthesized evidence on intervention efficacy, necessitating updated assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and update the evidence on the efficacy of psychosocial intervention programs for adults with visible differences.
• To assess the effectiveness of interventions in reducing social anxiety and appearance-related distress.
• To identify gaps in the literature regarding optimal intervention parameters.

Main Methods:

• A systematic search protocol was employed across 13 electronic journal databases.
• Studies were selected based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.
• Relevant data were extracted from included studies for analysis.

Main Results:

• An additional four studies met the inclusion criteria for this updated review.
• Two studies suggested limited efficacy for combined cognitive-behavioural and social skills training.
• No studies provided sufficient evidence on optimal intervention duration, intensity, or setting.

Conclusions:

• The current evidence base for psychosocial interventions in adults with visible differences remains limited.
• There is a need for more high-quality research, particularly Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) and experimental studies.
• Further research is required to establish the methodological validity and optimal application of these interventions.