Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 15, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
Published on: December 30, 2025
Analysis of milk by FT-Raman spectroscopy
Sylwester Mazurek1, Roman Szostak1, Tomasz Czaja1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
Abstract:
Fat, protein, carbohydrates and dry matter were quantified in commercial bovine milk samples, with the relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) in the 3.4-6.1% range, using the partial least squares (PLS) method based on Raman spectra of liquid milk samples. Results of a better quality were obtained from a PLS model derived from IR spectra registered using single reflection ATR diamond accessory, which yielded RSEP values of 2.4-4.4%. The data indicated IR single reflection ATR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in combination with multivariate modelling using the PLS method, allowed for the reliable, simultaneous quantitative determination of macronutrients in milk. The low signal to noise ratio of Raman spectra affects the quality of fat quantification especially for strongly defatted milk samples.
More Related Videos
08:43PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis
Published on: May 11, 2017
13:48Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy
Published on: May 29, 2012
Related Concept Videos
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency,...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry