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[Brain stem seizures (author's transl)].

F L Glötzner

    Fortschritte Der Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Und Ihrer Grenzgebiete
    |October 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reviews paroxysmal non-epileptic seizures, often originating from the brain stem. These diverse seizures respond well to antiepileptic drugs, with outcomes varying by cause.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Clinical Neurophysiology
    • Epileptology

    Background:

    • Paroxysmal symptoms, characterized by frequent, brief, unilateral episodes without loss of consciousness, have been variably classified.
    • A presumed brain stem origin for these symptoms often lacks electroencephalographic (EEG) confirmation of paroxysmal discharges.

    Observation:

    • A comprehensive review identified 328 cases, including 9 new patients, detailing seizure classifications: tonic, dystonic (including paroxysmal kinesiogenic choreoathetosis), sensory, algetic, ataxic (including paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia), and akinetic-atonic.
    • Etiologies were categorized into cryptogenic and symptomatic types, with multiple sclerosis being a frequent cause of symptomatic seizures, alongside rare instances of basal ganglia tumors or vascular disorders.
    • Neuroimaging revealed subcortical lesions in 3 of 7 patients and cerebral atrophy in one case.

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    Findings:

    • All described seizure types demonstrated a strong positive response to antiepileptic drug therapy.
    • Prognosis is generally favorable for cryptogenic seizures.
    • Prognosis for symptomatic seizures is unfavorable and directly correlates with the progression of the underlying causative disease.

    Implications:

    • This classification system aids in understanding and managing diverse paroxysmal neurological symptoms.
    • Effective treatment with antiepileptic drugs offers a positive outlook for many patients, particularly those with cryptogenic origins.
    • Further research into symptomatic etiologies is crucial for improving long-term outcomes in affected individuals.