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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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Developmental pathways of motor dysfunction.

Gale A Kleven1, Seanceray A Bellinger

  • 1Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435.

Developmental Psychobiology
|April 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal insults to the nervous system can lead to later behavioral dysfunction, even after a period of silent vulnerability. Understanding this developmental pathway is crucial for identifying risks and interventions.

Keywords:
fetal movementfetusguinea pigmouseprenatal behaviorrat

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Prenatal programming

Background:

  • Prenatal insults, whether environmental or genetic, can impact nervous system development.
  • A period of silent vulnerability may follow prenatal insult, with no immediate functional deficits observed.
  • Later dysfunction emerges, potentially due to secondary or cascade effects linked to the timing of insults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the unique patterns of behavioral development following prenatal insults.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying the emergence of later dysfunction after prenatal nervous system insult.
  • To identify optimal methodologies for studying these developmental pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing microgenetic and longitudinal study designs.
  • Incorporating behavioral assessments during the prenatal developmental period.
  • Employing animal models, such as the guinea pig, for mechanistic studies.

Main Results:

  • Established a distinct Developmental Pathway model for post-prenatal insult behavioral changes.
  • Identified a critical 'Silent Vulnerability' phase post-insult.
  • Highlighted the role of insult timing relative to brain structure development in later dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal insults can initiate a cascade leading to later-life behavioral deficits.
  • The timing of prenatal insults is critical in determining the manifestation of dysfunction.
  • Microgenetic, longitudinal, and animal model studies are essential for understanding these complex pathways.