Open adoption: a review of the literature with recommendations to adoption practitioners

As openness in adoption is still in its infancy, there has not been much systematic research on open adoption. This practice involves anything from sharing non-identifying information through an intermediary to regular face-to-face fully identifying information-sharing and contact between all members of the adoption triangle - the birthparent/s, the adoptive parents and the adoptees. Open adoption appears to offer birthparent/s the greatest benefits. Although adoptive parents express varying degrees of positive reactions to being involved in open adoptions, there are instances of discomfort and reservations expressed by some. With no studies investigating adoptees' own perceptions around contact with their birthparent/s, the potential risks and/or benefits of open adoption for the children involved, is inferred from adoptive parents' reports and theoretical perspectives. Adoption practitioners advocating openness in adoption, should be prepared for additional investments in time, effort and emotional energy in order to facilitate what is not a discrete event in time, but an on-going process.