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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Pan-cancer transcriptome analysis reveals long noncoding RNAs with conserved function.

Christopher R Cabanski1, Nicole M White, Ha X Dang

  • 1a The Genome Institute; Washington University School of Medicine ; St. Louis , MO USA.

RNA Biology
|April 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified 229 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with altered expression across multiple cancer types, termed "onco-lncRNAs". These onco-lncRNAs may play conserved roles in cancer development and progression.

Keywords:
Cancer genomicsbioinformaticslncRNAtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer.
  • Existing research often focuses on single cancer types, limiting a broader understanding of lncRNA function.
  • A pan-cancer perspective is needed to identify conserved lncRNA roles in tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a pan-cancer analysis of lncRNA expression comparing tumor and normal tissues.
  • To identify lncRNAs with conserved differential or outlier expression across multiple solid tumors.
  • To investigate the potential conserved oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions of these cross-cancer lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized RNA-Seq data from approximately 3,000 patients across 8 solid tumor types.
  • Performed comparative analysis of lncRNA expression between tumor and matched normal samples.
  • Associated identified 'onco-lncRNAs' with biological processes using co-expressed protein-coding genes and performed experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Discovered 229 lncRNAs ('onco-lncRNAs') exhibiting differential or outlier expression across multiple cancer types.
  • The majority of differentially expressed lncRNAs showed tissue-specific patterns, highlighting the significance of the identified cross-cancer lncRNAs.
  • Experimentally validated the roles of two novel onco-lncRNAs (onco-lncRNA-3, onco-lncRNA-12) and CCAT1 in cell growth dependence.

Conclusions:

  • Identified a set of lncRNAs with potential conserved oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions across various cancers.
  • These findings suggest broad roles for specific lncRNAs in cancer biology, advancing the understanding of their involvement.
  • The discovered onco-lncRNAs represent potential targets for future pan-cancer therapeutic strategies.