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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

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Superbugs causing ventilator associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital and the return of pre-antibiotic era!

S Qureshi, C Agrawal1, M Madan

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College, Delhi-Haridwar Bypass, Meerut - 250 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|April 14, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Super bugs causing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) pose a significant threat due to rising antimicrobial resistance. Understanding pathogen patterns is crucial for effective treatment strategies against these multi-drug resistant infections.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) presents a significant challenge in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, termed 'super bugs', exacerbates VAP's mortality and morbidity.
  • The 'antibiotic apocalypse' highlights the urgent need for effective VAP management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiological agents and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of VAP isolates.
  • To differentiate causative pathogens between early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP).
  • To inform diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for VAP in a tertiary care setting.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study conducted over one year in a tertiary care hospital.
  • Inclusion criteria: patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) for ≥48 hours.
  • Endotracheal aspirates (ETA) processed using a semi-quantitative method for bacterial isolation and susceptibility testing.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae were common in EOVAP.
  • Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) were significantly associated with LOVAP.
  • A high prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms was observed among VAP isolates.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen profiles and resistance patterns in VAP differ between early and late onset.
  • The rise of MDR super bugs necessitates urgent diagnostic strategies and rational antibiotic therapy.
  • Intensified education programs on antibiotic stewardship are crucial to combat the VAP crisis.

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