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Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
Published on: October 4, 2019
Analysis of chromosome 17 miRNAs and their importance in medulloblastomas
Sebastian López-Ochoa1, Marina Ramírez-García1, Eduardo Castro-Sierra2
1Laboratory of Research in Experimental Pathology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Avenida Dr. Márquez 162, Colonia Doctores 06720, México, DF, Mexico.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small sequences of nucleotides that regulate posttranscriptionally gene expression. In recent years they have been recognized as very important general regulators of proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, cell death, and others. In some cases, the characteristic presence of miRNAs reflects some of the cellular pathways that may be altered. Particularly medulloblastomas (MB) represent entities that undergo almost characteristic alterations of chromosome 17: from loss of discrete fragments and isochromosomes formation to complete loss of one of them. An analysis of the major loci on this chromosome revealed that it contains at least 19 genes encoding miRNAs which may regulate the development and differentiation of the brain and cerebellum. miRNAs are regulators of real complex networks; they can regulate from 100 to over 300 messengers of various proteins. In this review some miRNAs are considered to be important in MB studies. Some of them are miRNA-5047, miRNA-1253, miRNA-2909, and miRNA-634. Everyone can significantly affect the development, growth, and cell invasion of MB, and they have not been explored in this tumor. In this review, we propose some miRNAs that can affect some genes in MB, and hence the importance of its study.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression. This review highlights specific miRNAs that may significantly impact medulloblastoma development and invasion, underscoring their importance for future research.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
- miRNAs are crucial regulators of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
- Medulloblastomas (MB) frequently exhibit characteristic alterations on chromosome 17, a region rich in miRNA genes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of specific microRNAs in medulloblastoma pathogenesis.
- To identify potential miRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets in medulloblastoma.
- To emphasize the significance of studying miRNAs in the context of medulloblastoma.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on microRNAs and medulloblastomas.
- Analysis of miRNA gene loci on chromosome 17 relevant to brain development.
- Identification of specific miRNAs implicated in cancer pathways.
Main Results:
- Chromosome 17 contains at least 19 miRNA genes potentially involved in brain and cerebellum development.
- Specific miRNAs, including miRNA-5047, miRNA-1253, miRNA-2909, and miRNA-634, show potential to influence MB development, growth, and invasion.
- These miRNAs have not been extensively studied in medulloblastoma.
Conclusions:
- Certain microRNAs play a significant role in regulating genes critical for medulloblastoma.
- Further investigation into these miRNAs is warranted to understand their impact on MB and explore therapeutic strategies.
- miRNAs represent a promising area for future medulloblastoma research and treatment.
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