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Solution Formation

Solution Formation

There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...

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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Cosolvent approach for solution-processable electronic thin films.

Zhaoyang Lin¹, Qiyuan He¹, Anxiang Yin¹

¹†Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

|April 14, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a safer, less toxic amine-thiol solvent for processing inorganic semiconductor inks. This enables low-temperature fabrication of high-performance thin films for electronics, thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics.

Keywords:

flexible electronics semiconductor solution process solvent thin films

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

Low-temperature solution-processable electronic materials are crucial for large-area, cost-effective electronics.
Hydrazine is a versatile solvent for inorganic semiconductors but is highly toxic and unsuitable for manufacturing.
Developing safer alternatives for semiconductor ink formulation is essential for scalable applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel, less toxic binary mixed solvent system for processing inorganic semiconductors.
To demonstrate the capability of this solvent system in formulating high-concentration semiconductor inks.
To enable the low-temperature fabrication of high-performance semiconducting thin films and alloys.

Main Methods:

Utilized a binary mixed solvent of amine and thiol to disperse and dissolve various inorganic semiconductors (e.g., Cu2S, Cu2Se, In2S3, In2Se3).
Formulated semiconductor inks with concentrations exceeding 200 mg/mL.
Processed these inks into thin films for electronic and photovoltaic applications.
Prepared complex semiconductor alloys with tunable band gaps via ink mixing.

Main Results:

The amine-thiol solvent effectively processed a wide range of inorganic semiconductors, including Cu2S, Cu2Se, In2S3, and In2Se3.
High-concentration semiconductor inks (>200 mg/mL) were successfully formulated.
Solution-processed Cu2S and Cu2Se thin films exhibited the highest room-temperature conductivity among comparable materials.
Tunable band gap alloys like CuIn(S(x)Se(1-x))2 were readily synthesized.

Conclusions:

A general, low-toxicity strategy for formulating inorganic semiconductor inks for low-temperature, large-area processing has been established.
This approach facilitates the creation of high-performance semiconducting thin films and complex alloys.
The findings have significant implications for flexible electronics, thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics.