Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
07:58

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

9.4K

Severe intrinsic acute kidney injury associated with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen

Tatsuya Ito1, Shojiro Watanabe, Kazushi Tsuruga

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
|April 15, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Acetaminophen, commonly used for fever and pain, can cause severe kidney injury in children, even at recommended doses. This case highlights potential risks in young children, particularly if dehydrated.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic in pediatric populations.
  • Therapeutic doses of acetaminophen are generally considered safe for children.
  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rare but serious adverse effect of acetaminophen.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old Japanese girl developed severe intrinsic AKI after receiving therapeutic doses of acetaminophen for a viral infection.
  • Renal biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis with interstitial fibrosis and inflammation.
  • The patient subsequently developed chronic kidney disease.

Findings:

  • This represents the youngest documented case of biopsy-proven severe intrinsic AKI linked to therapeutic acetaminophen doses.
  • Acetaminophen, even at recommended dosages, poses a risk for severe kidney injury in susceptible children.
  • Pre-existing conditions like volume depletion may increase the risk of acetaminophen-induced AKI.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing acetaminophen to children, especially those with potential risk factors.
  • Further research is needed to identify children at higher risk for acetaminophen-related nephrotoxicity.
  • Early recognition and management of AKI are crucial in pediatric patients exposed to acetaminophen.

Keywords:
acetaminophenacute kidney injuryacute tubular necrosistubulointerstitial nephritis

More Related Videos

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

5.0K
Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research03:13

Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research

Published on: November 3, 2023

3.2K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
518
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
1.3K
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
2.0K
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
1.6K
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
501
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
734