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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

An Aquatic Microbial Metaproteomics Workflow: From Cells to Tryptic Peptides Suitable for Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Analysis
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Metatranscriptome analyses indicate resource partitioning between diatoms in the field.

Harriet Alexander1, Bethany D Jenkins2, Tatiana A Rynearson3

  • 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 15, 2015
PubMed
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Nitrogen and phosphorus differentially control marine biomass production and stoichiometry.

Nature communications·2025

Marine diatoms partition resources through distinct nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, explaining their coexistence. Quantitative metatatranscriptomics reveals how these phytoplankton adjust cellular physiology to utilize resources differently.

Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Marine phytoplankton are crucial for global primary production.
  • The coexistence of diverse phytoplankton species, known as the 'paradox of the plankton,' is poorly understood.
  • Niche partitioning is a leading hypothesis, but in situ metabolic variation is hard to track.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in coexisting diatoms using quantitative metatranscriptomics.
  • To understand how diatoms partition resources and adapt to nutrient availability in situ.
  • To reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying phytoplankton diversity and coexistence.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative metatranscriptomic analysis of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) metabolic pathways.
Keywords:
diatommetatranscriptomicsniche partitioningnutrient physiologyphytoplankton

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  • Nutrient amendment incubations to alter N/P ratios and observe gene expression.
  • Analysis of resource-responsive (RR) gene sets to identify nutrient utilization strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variation in N and P metabolic pathway gene expression among cooccurring diatoms.
    • Nutrient amendments revealed distinct, nutrient-responsive expression patterns.
    • Diatoms exhibited opposite transcriptional responses to the same environmental conditions, indicating niche partitioning.

    Conclusions:

    • Diatoms exhibit distinct metabolic capacities and gene expression patterns, facilitating niche partitioning.
    • Molecular underpinnings of diatom resource utilization and adaptation are elucidated.
    • This study provides a high-resolution view of how phytoplankton coexist by adjusting cellular physiology.