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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

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Published on: July 27, 2018

Widespread mitovirus sequences in plant genomes.

Jeremy A Bruenn¹, Benjamin E Warner¹, Pradeep Yerramsetty¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY , USA.

|April 15, 2015

Summary

Non-retroviral Endogenous RNA Viral Elements (NERVEs) found in plant genomes reveal insights into RNA virus evolution. Plant mitochondrial mitovirus NERVEs originate from fungi via horizontal transfer and are expressed.

Keywords:

Mycovirus NERVE Narnavirus Plant mitochondria RNA virus

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Area of Science:

Virology
Genomics
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Eukaryotic genomes harbor non-retroviral endogenous RNA viral elements (NERVEs), aiding RNA virus evolution studies.
Mitoviruses, simple RNA viruses from the Narnaviridae family, encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP).

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the origin and expression of plant mitochondrial mitovirus NERVEs.
Understand the evolutionary relationship between fungal Narnaviruses and plant NERVEs.

Main Methods:

Bioinformatic analysis of eukaryotic nuclear genomes.
Comparative genomics to identify viral sequences.
Expression analysis of mitochondrial viral elements.

Main Results:

Plant mitochondrial genomes contain prominent NERVEs, specifically partial RdRP genes from mitoviruses.
These plant mitovirus NERVEs likely originated from plant pathogenic fungi through horizontal gene transfer.
At least one mitochondrial mitovirus NERVE is expressed, unlike its nuclear counterpart.

Conclusions:

Horizontal gene transfer from fungi is a significant mechanism for the origin of plant mitochondrial mitovirus NERVEs.
Expressed mitochondrial NERVEs provide a unique window into viral element evolution within eukaryotic genomes.
The discovery of NERVEs enhances our understanding of viral endogenization and evolution.