Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Free Jet

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave...

Plane Potential Flows

Plane Potential Flows

Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Review: Optimising health, welfare and performance in weaned piglets ─ Striking the ideal balance between amino acids, energy, and protein.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2026

Same author

Opinion paper: Improving experimental design in animal research - seven key principles.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025

Same author

Evaluation of digestibility and digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) of barley and corn protein concentrates using a minipig model.

European journal of nutrition·2025

Same author

Uniformity of body weight in growing pigs is persistent during growth but affected by sow- and litter-related factors.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025

Same author

Effect of terminal sire line on heat stress responses in growing-fattening pigs selected for optimal growth rate vs optimal carcass quality.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025

Same author

How to assess litter uniformity in pigs: comparing metrics and investigating associations with sow and litter factors.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Near-field acoustic streaming jet.

B Moudjed¹, V Botton¹, D Henry¹

¹Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique, CNRS/Université de Lyon, École Centrale de Lyon/Université Lyon 1/INSA de Lyon, ECL, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|April 15, 2015

Summary

This study investigates acoustic streaming flow near an ultrasonic transducer in water. Numerical and experimental results show good agreement, validating the plane-wave assumption for predicting flow behavior.

More Related Videos

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Published on: March 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Published on: March 6, 2016

Area of Science:

Fluid Dynamics
Acoustics
Nonlinear Acoustics

Background:

Acoustic streaming is a phenomenon driven by acoustic waves.
Understanding near-field effects is crucial for applications of ultrasonic transducers.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically and experimentally investigate acoustic streaming flow in the near field of a circular plane ultrasonic transducer in water.
To validate a theoretical model based on linear acoustic propagation and Navier-Stokes equations.

Main Methods:

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) for flow velocity measurements.
Hydrophone measurements to map the acoustic field.
Numerical simulation using a linear acoustic propagation model and Navier-Stokes equations with an acoustic force term.

Main Results:

Good agreement between experimental and numerical velocity fields, validating the plane-wave assumption.
Flow structure correlates with acoustic field shape, with velocity profiles influenced by acoustic intensity variations.
Jet velocity scaling identified: square root dependence on acoustic force and distance, with an initial quadratic dependence near the source.

Conclusions:

The numerical model accurately predicts acoustic streaming flow, even in the complex near-field region.
The plane-wave assumption is justified for this configuration.
Acoustic streaming flow is directly linked to the acoustic field characteristics.