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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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When fluid enters a pipe, it first passes through the entrance region, where the velocity profile adjusts due to viscous effects. In this region, a boundary layer forms along the pipe walls and grows until it fully occupies the pipe's cross-section. Once the boundary layer merges, the flow becomes fully developed, with a steady velocity profile that remains consistent along the pipe's length.
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Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
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Flow-induced separation in wall turbulence.

Quoc Nguyen1, Chiranth Srinivasan1, Dimitrios V Papavassiliou1

  • 1School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd St., SEC T-301, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Turbulent flows usually mix particles, but simulations show particles can separate near walls if they have different Schmidt numbers. This counterintuitive separation is driven by convection and diffusion time scales.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Turbulence Research
  • Particle Transport

Background:

  • Turbulence is typically characterized by enhanced mixing properties.
  • Particle behavior in turbulent flows is crucial for various industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a counterintuitive phenomenon of particle separation in turbulent channel flow.
  • To identify the physical mechanisms and conditions leading to particle separation.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow.
  • Analysis of particle trajectories considering convection and diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Simulation results demonstrate particle separation near the wall.
  • Separation occurs for particles with sufficiently different Schmidt numbers.
  • The interplay between convection and diffusion time scales governs the separation mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Turbulent flows can induce particle separation, not just mixing.
  • Understanding convection-diffusion time scales is key to predicting particle separation.
  • Potential applications in separating or removing small particles from fluids.