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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates01:16

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Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find the electric field and the charge enclosed in a region depending on its charge distribution.
Consider a cross-section of a thin, infinite conducting plate having a positive charge. For such a large thin plate, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, the positive charges lie on the plate's two large faces. Without an external electric field, the...
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Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

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The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
The system's symmetry is in the cylindrical directions across the plane of the charge. As a result, the electric fields created by various surface charge elements nullify each other in the direction parallel to the surface. Thereby, the resulting electric field is perpendicular to the plane. Since the disk is...
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Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

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Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
7.6K
Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor01:26

Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor

5.8K
Consider a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium. The net electric field inside a conductor vanishes, and extra charges on the conductor reside on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate.
In the 19th century, Michael Faraday conducted the famous ice pail experiment to prove that the charges always reside on the surface of a conductor. The experimental set-up consists of a conducting uncharged container mounted on an insulating stand. The outer surface of the container is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
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Electric microfields in dense carbon-hydrogen plasmas.

Stefan Hau-Riege1, Jon Weisheit2

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 15, 2015
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Summary

Simulations of hot, dense plasmas reveal that time-averaged microfields stabilize over long durations, crucial for understanding atomic processes. Quantum statistical potentials are essential for accurate electron behavior in these plasma simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Computational Physics
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Hot, dense plasmas are crucial in astrophysics and fusion research.
  • Understanding microfield behavior is key to modeling atomic processes in plasmas.
  • Classical molecular dynamics requires quantum statistical potentials (QSPs) for electron effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate stationary and time-dependent microfield properties in hot, dense electron-ion plasmas.
  • Determine optimal time-averaging methods for extracting quasistatic microfields from simulations.
  • Analyze microfield trends in C-H plasma mixtures across various carbon fractions and temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Employed classical molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Utilized quantum statistical potentials (QSPs) to model electron diffraction and exchange symmetry.
  • Developed a time-averaging approach incorporating plasma and atomic time scales.

Main Results:

  • Microfield distributions are largely insensitive to the choice of QSPs.
  • Time-averaged microfields exhibit stability over extended simulation periods.
  • Observed trends in C-H plasmas with varying compositions and temperatures above TFermi.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into microfield dynamics in dense plasmas.
  • A robust method for extracting quasistatic microfields from simulations was established.
  • Findings contribute to accurate modeling of atomic processes in complex plasma environments.