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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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Is an Increase in Thyroid Nodule Volume a Risk Factor for Malignancy?

Hirotoshi Nakamura1, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa2, Hisashi Ota3

  • 11 Department of Medicine, Kuma Hospital , Kobe, Japan .

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|April 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid nodule growth is not a malignancy risk for benign adenomatous nodules (ANs). However, growing follicular neoplasms (FNs) show a significantly higher malignancy risk compared to those with immediate surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Cytopathology

Background:

  • Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used to diagnose thyroid nodules.
  • Benign thyroid nodules often undergo surveillance with ultrasonography.
  • Nodule growth during follow-up may prompt re-aspiration or surgery, but malignancy risk is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the malignancy risk associated with nodule growth in patients with FNAC-diagnosed adenomatous nodules (ANs) and follicular neoplasms (FNs).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 542 patients with FNAC-diagnosed ANs who underwent surgery.
  • Comparison with 409 patients with FNAC-diagnosed FNs operated on during the same period.
  • Analysis of nodule volume changes and corresponding histologic diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • Growing ANs showed a low malignancy rate (1% malignancy, 2% FT-UMP).
  • Patients with growing FNs had a significantly higher malignancy risk (18.3% malignancy, 28% FT-UMP) compared to those with immediate surgery (16.5% malignancy, 13.5% FT-UMP).
  • Nodule growth rate did not correlate with malignant potential in FNs.

Conclusions:

  • Nodule growth in FNAC-diagnosed ANs does not increase malignancy risk.
  • FNAC-diagnosed FNs that grow exhibit a higher risk of malignancy.
  • These findings aid in risk stratification and management of thyroid nodules.