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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
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Endocannabinoids mediate bidirectional striatal spike-timing-dependent plasticity.

Yihui Cui1,2, Vincent Paillé1,2, Hao Xu1,2

  • 1Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.

The Journal of Physiology
|April 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid learning is possible via synaptic plasticity, even with few trials. A novel endocannabinoid-dependent spike-timing-dependent potentiation (eCB-tLTP) emerges with minimal stimulation, crucial for behavioral flexibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity, fundamental to learning, is typically studied under prolonged stimulation.
  • Learning can occur rapidly, suggesting a need for swift synaptic adaptation.
  • The capacity for plasticity with limited neural events remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if limited paired stimulations can induce synaptic plasticity.
  • To explore rapid responsiveness in spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at corticostriatal synapses.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying plasticity induced by few events.

Main Methods:

  • Examined spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in rodent striatum.
  • Varied the number of paired stimulations to assess induction thresholds.
  • Investigated the role of the endocannabinoid system, CB1R, and TRPV1 in plasticity induction.

Main Results:

  • Spike-timing-dependent depression (tLTD) diminished with fewer than 50 pairings.
  • Spike-timing-dependent potentiation (tLTP) showed a biphasic profile, reappearing with 5-10 pairings.
  • This low-pairing tLTP (eCB-tLTP) required endocannabinoid signaling, CB1R, and TRPV1 activation.

Conclusions:

  • Endocannabinoid-dependent tLTP (eCB-tLTP) is induced by minimal synaptic activity (5-10 pairings).
  • eCB-tLTP is a novel mechanism potentially underlying rapid associative learning and behavioral flexibility.
  • Endocannabinoids play a versatile role in bidirectional synaptic plasticity, not just depression.