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Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
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Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering
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A cosolvency effect on tunable thermosensitive core-shell nanoparticle gels.

Sang Min Lee1, Young Chan Bae

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea. ycbae@hanyang.ac.kr.

Soft Matter
|April 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Co-solvents significantly alter thermosensitive nanoparticle gel swelling. Even small amounts of water induce a cosolvency phenomenon, enabling tunable volume transition temperatures for core-shell polymer networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Thermosensitive nanoparticle gels exhibit tunable swelling behavior.
  • The core-shell structure of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) influences their response to external stimuli.
  • Understanding co-solvent effects is crucial for controlling gel properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of co-solvents (cyclohexane, 1,3-propanediol, water) on the swelling behavior of PMMA/PHEMA core-shell nanoparticle gels.
  • To explore the cosolvency phenomenon and its impact on thermosensitive gels.
  • To demonstrate the tunability of volume transition temperatures (VTTs) in these core-shell networks.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PMMA/PHEMA core-shell nanoparticle gels.
  • Investigation of swelling behavior in the presence of co-solvents using thermo-optical analysis (TOA) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS).
  • Theoretical modeling using multi-component lattice theory and the Flory-Rehner (F-R) chain model.

Main Results:

  • Co-solvents (cyclohexane, 1,3-propanediol, water) significantly altered the swelling properties of the core-shell gels.
  • A cosolvency phenomenon was observed, enhancing solvation effects even with low water content (1-3 wt%).
  • Specific co-solvents induced distinct VTTs: CHX ('lower/upper'), PDO ('even/upper'), and water ('lower/lower').

Conclusions:

  • The swelling behavior of thermosensitive core-shell nanoparticle gels can be precisely controlled by the addition of co-solvents.
  • The combination of experimental techniques and theoretical modeling accurately predicts the observed swelling data.
  • This study provides a foundation for designing advanced responsive polymer materials.