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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
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Hypercalcemic crisis induced by calcium carbonate.

Ashutosh Singh1, Ambika Ashraf2

  • 1Nephrology Consultants , Oak Ridge, TN , USA.

Clinical Kidney Journal
|April 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Excessive calcium supplements, especially with certain medications, can trigger a rare, life-threatening hypercalcemic crisis. Prompt treatment with hydration, dialysis, and calcitonin can lead to full recovery.

Keywords:
calcium-alkali syndromehypercalcemic crisismilk-alkali syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Drug-induced hypercalcemic crisis is a rare but serious condition.
  • Calcium-alkali syndrome can mimic other serious conditions, complicating diagnosis.
  • Elderly patients and those on specific medications are at higher risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of drug-induced hypercalcemic crisis.
  • To highlight the role of calcium supplements and interacting medications.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and management of calcium-alkali syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 61-year-old male presenting with hypercalcemic crisis.
  • Review of patient's medication and supplement intake.
  • Treatment with intravenous hydration, hemodialysis, and salmon calcitonin.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced hypercalcemic crisis, renal insufficiency, and metabolic alkalosis.
  • No evidence of hyperparathyroidism or malignancy was found.
  • Successful recovery within 3 days with normalization of serum calcium and other parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Indiscriminate intake of calcium supplements can lead to life-threatening hypercalcemic crisis.
  • Thiazide diuretics and ACE inhibitors can potentiate the risk.
  • Early recognition and aggressive management are crucial for favorable outcomes.