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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Published on: May 7, 2014

Functional network mediates age-related differences in reaction time: a replication and extension study.

Yunglin Gazes¹, Christian Habeck¹, Deirdre O'Shea¹

¹Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons P&S Box 16, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032.

Brain and Behavior

|April 16, 2015

Summary

This study replicated a brain activation pattern linked to task-switching performance in older adults. This pattern partially explains why older individuals have slower reaction times, highlighting brain activation efficiency

Keywords:

Aging functional magnetic resonance imaging mediation ordinal trend covariance analysis study replication task-switching

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neuroimaging

Background:

A specific functional activation pattern (ordinal trend) was previously linked to task-switching performance and reaction time in both young and older adults.
This pattern's expression correlated with reaction time, suggesting its role in cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

To replicate a previously identified functional activation pattern using new fMRI data.
To investigate if age-related differences in reaction time during task-switching can be explained by variations in this functional activation pattern.

Main Methods:

Replicated the functional activation pattern using two approaches: forward application and rederivation on new fMRI data from 47 young and 50 older adults.
Employed mediation analysis to examine the relationship between age, brain activation pattern expression, and reaction time during a task-switching paradigm.

Main Results:

Successfully replicated the functional activation pattern in the new dataset using both applied and rederived methods.
Mediation analysis revealed that the expression of the functional activation pattern partially mediated age-related effects on reaction time.
Older age was associated with greater activation of this pattern and longer reaction times, indicating brain activation efficiency accounts for performance differences.

Conclusions:

The study successfully replicated the functional activation pattern, confirming its robustness and the utility of Ordinal Trend Canonical Variates Analysis.
The findings demonstrate that brain activation efficiency, as captured by this pattern, is a key factor in age-related differences in task performance.
Summarizing brain activation maps into a single metric offers a valuable tool for multimodal analysis and cross-study comparisons.