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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Vaccines01:21

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Utilizing the Antigen Capsid-Incorporation Strategy for the Development of Adenovirus Serotype 5-Vectored Vaccine Approaches
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Adolescent immunization: 2015 and beyond.

Manika Suryadevara, Lance Paton, Joseph B Domachowske

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    |April 16, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adolescent immunization schedules now include Tdap, MCV4, HPV, and flu vaccines. While Tdap and MCV4 uptake is strong, HPV vaccine coverage needs improvement for better teen health.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Vaccinology
    • Adolescent Medicine

    Background:

    • Adolescent immunization practices have significantly evolved over the past decade.
    • Routine vaccinations at ages 11-12 now include Tdap, MCV4, HPV, and influenza vaccines.
    • Tracking vaccine uptake is facilitated by electronic medical records and national surveys like NIS-teen.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess current adolescent immunization coverage rates.
    • To identify disparities in vaccine uptake among recommended adolescent vaccines.
    • To inform strategies for improving immunization coverage in adolescents.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-teen) for national tracking.
    • Analyzed vaccine uptake for tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) booster, quadrivalent conjugate meningococcal vaccine (MCV4), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.

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  • Examined trends and coverage rates for routine adolescent immunizations.

    • Main Results:

    • Tdap and MCV4 vaccine uptake demonstrated robust coverage in 2013.
    • Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage significantly lagged behind other recommended adolescent vaccines.
    • Annual influenza vaccine uptake also monitored.

    Conclusions:

    • Continued efforts are necessary to enhance immunization coverage rates among adolescents.
    • Addressing the low HPV vaccine uptake is crucial for adolescent disease prevention.
    • Anticipated changes in teen vaccination approaches are expected with new vaccine availability.