Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

122
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
122
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

89
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
89
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

57
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
57
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

101
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
101
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

49
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
49
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

77
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
77

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Comprehensive Oncological Biomarker Framework Guiding Precision Medicine.

Biomolecules·2025
Same author

Cell-based assay to detect small molecules restoring levels of let-7 miRNAs.

American journal of cancer research·2024
Same author

Modeling high-risk Wilms tumors enables the discovery of therapeutic vulnerability.

Cell reports. Medicine·2024
Same author

CCN proteins: opportunities for clinical studies-a personal perspective.

Journal of cell communication and signaling·2023
Same author

Report on the 11th international workshop on the CCN family of genes, Nice, October 20-24, 2022.

Journal of cell communication and signaling·2023
Same author

Correction: Next-generation multimodality of nutrigenomic cancer therapy: sulforaphane in combination with acetazolamide actively target bronchial carcinoid cancer in disabling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway and inducing apoptosis.

Oncotarget·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K

It's all in your gut and mind.

Herman Yeger1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada, hermie@sickkids.ca.

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling
|April 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is a global health issue. New research shows insulin and leptin hormones in the brain can trigger "browning" of white fat cells, potentially aiding fat burning and weight management.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Endocrinology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Obesity is a global health crisis with serious metabolic consequences like type II diabetes and atherosclerosis.
  • Two main fat tissues exist: white adipose tissue (WAT) for storage and brown adipose tissue (BAT) for thermogenesis.
  • Beige adipose tissue, derived from WAT browning, offers a potential therapeutic target for increasing energy expenditure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the cooperative role of insulin and leptin in regulating energy balance and adipose tissue browning.
  • To investigate the mechanisms of WAT browning and identify potential therapeutic targets for obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on hormonal regulation of energy balance and adipose tissue.
  • Analysis of the cooperative action of insulin and leptin in the central nervous system.

More Related Videos

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
07:49

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: June 2, 2022

4.0K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

31.6K
Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice
07:49

Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: June 2, 2022

4.0K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

15.0K
  • Examination of peripheral tissue mechanisms and additional hormonal factors influencing fat metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • Insulin and leptin act synergistically in the brain to regulate energy homeostasis.
    • Hormonal signaling promotes the conversion of white adipose tissue to beige adipose tissue (browning).
    • Peripheral tissues and other hormones also play significant roles in modulating fat metabolism.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeting the insulin-leptin pathway in the brain may offer a novel strategy for obesity treatment.
    • Understanding adipose tissue browning mechanisms is crucial for developing effective weight management therapies.
    • The therapeutic conquest of obesity through manipulation of regulatory systems remains an active area of research.